Welcome To Looperverse
What is Looperverse? It’s the world’s fastest multi-track recorder, an inspiration-capturing app for iPad that lets you record up to 16 Tracks of audio at lightning speed in a simple, direct way.However, that’s only the beginning.
Once you’ve recorded audio, you can instantly time stretch/time compress it in real time, cut, duplicate, pitch shift and add effects via the built-in Mixer. You can bounce Tracks into a stereo mixdown, export them as stems or .zip files, and upload them to SoundCloud.
Looperverse is the multi-track recorder you’ve always wanted; always instantly available and easy to use, not to mention a lot of fun!
Tutorials
Check out In the Loop for more tutorials every week!
The Looperverse Design Philosophy
Looperverse is the product of our long experience with music software and hardware, and to some degree, our frustration with much of it. Computer music has come a long way over the past 30 years, but it’s surprising how often one is still confronted with overcomplicated, unintuitive interfaces that impede creativity rather than help encourage and/or capture it.Looperverse is the opposite of all that.
The app is designed around one simple idea:
You can immediately record up to 16 Tracks worth of ideas as quickly as you can sing/play them, and then instantly stretch, pitch, edit and mix them as you like, all on one clearly-laid-out screen.
No need to create Tracks or wade through a complex setup process. Just record, immediately!
Once you’ve got your idea the way you want it, you can easily export it as audio stems to your favorite DAW for further additions and fine-grained editing and mixing.
The Looperverse Window layout
Looperverse’s interface presents you with everything you need to record, edit and manipulate audio on one screen, which means you can stay focused on your musical or sonic idea without having to worry about switching pages in a complicated interface.Tap the question mark icon at the upper right of the window to see an annotated explanation of the Looperverse window’s various parts and controls.
Scenes, Tracks and Clips
Looperverse "sessions" are called Scenes. Only one Scene can be open at a time. Individual audio recordings you make are known as Clips. These are recorded (or imported) onto any of the 16 available Tracks.The Transport
At the upper center of the screen you will find three large icons for Stop, Play and Record. These are the main Transport controls for Looperverse, and control playback and recording (subject to a few other parameter settings, covered below.)The Counter
To the left of the Transport is Looperverse’s Counter display, which shows the current time position in either Bars:Beats:Ticks or Hours:Minutes:Seconds formats. Tap this display to toggle between these two formats.Time Signature
Though its default is 4/4 time, Looperverse supports a variety of musical time signatures. The Time Signature display is found directly to the right of the bpm label – Just tap the time signature to bring up a popup menu and tap the one you want to use for the current Scene.Metering
Looperverse has Input and Output meters, one above the other, that show the current input level and output level at all times. These are found to the right of the Time Signature display.You will notice that only the Output meter doubles an adjustable slider; This controls the Master Output Level for the whole Scene. There is no similar Input Level slider on the upper meter (unless you’re using Audio-Triggered Record, see below), because the iPad has no actual built-in hardware audio input level control. You should therefore adjust input levels on your audio interface, if you have one. Note that if your input signal to Looperverse is too “hot” and is overloading, the Input Meter display will flash red. If you’re using Audio-Triggered Record mode (see below), you will notice a slider appear on top of the Input Meter, showing your current threshold setting.
Preferences
To the right of the Meters is the “gear” icon, where you’ll find Looperverse’s various user settings, called Preferences. Tap it and you’ll see a list of all available user settings. Here they are in detail:Audio Triggered Record (ATR)
This is for when you want Looperverse to only begin a recording when you actually start singing, playing or otherwise making noise. There are two ways to access this feature; Either via this switch, or by holding down Stop and then pressing Record in the Transport. The Record button will flash red, indicating that Looperverse is in Record Ready mode and is waiting for audio input.You can set the threshold for triggering Record via the Input meter, which you will notice has now magically added a slider. This is your ATR Threshold control; Just set it high enough that Record won’t be accidentally triggered by unwanted instrument or room noise, but low enough that your first note or sound will start the recording.
Mute During Record
This mutes Looperverse’s audio output while you’re in Record, for situations where you don’t have headphones/earbuds and want to avoid the iPad’s speaker output bleeding into its built-in mic (or you just want to record “silently”.)Input Source
This is where you select which of the available input channels Looperverse will record from. What you see in this menu depends on whether you’re using your iPad’s internal microphone or an external USB Class-Compliant audio interface, such as the RME BabyFace or BabyFace Pro. If you’re using the internal microphone, that will be the only option available. If you’re using an external audio interface, you can choose either of the first two available mono channels or the first available stereo pair. Choosing a mono input will create mono Tracks when you record in Looperverse, and stereo input will create stereo Tracks.Input Monitor
This enables/disables software input monitoring, so you can hear your instrument or microphone through Looperverse while you record. If your audio setup provides for separate monitoring, there’s no reason you can’t use it and just leave this option off. However, it’s extremely useful for most situations where there is no secondary monitoring system, e.g. you just want to plug right into the iPad, hear yourself “live” right away, and start recording.IO Buffer Size
This is where you determine Looperverse’s audio buffer size. Smaller sizes will result in less throughput latency (the slight processing delay between when you play or sing, and when you actually hear it come out of your headphones/speakers), and thus this should be set as low as you can without hearing any audio dropouts or glitches. However, smaller buffer sizes place more computational demands on your iPad’s processor, so the best setting here will depend largely on the speed of your iPad’s CPU, as well as that of your audio interface (for some tips and recommendations on audio interfaces, see the Audio Interfaces section.)Delay Time
This is where you set the Delay Time for Looperverse’s Delay send effect (found in the Mixer, see the Mixer section for details.) Delay Time is specified in musical values; Just tap the one you want in the list.Delay Feedback
This controls the amount of recirculation (feedback) of the original signal into the delay line, or how long the delays will take to die out.Delay to Reverb
This sends the Delayed signal into Looperverse’s Reverb, which is the other send effect in the Mixer. Use this when you want very ambient, spacy effects.Reverb Settings
Here you’ll find the parameter controls for Looperverse’s Reverb, the second send effect in the Mixer. There are adjustments for Pre-Delay, Reverb Time, Damping and Size, as well as High- and Low-Pass Filters.Tool Bar
This will show or hide the Looperverse Toolbar, which is an alternative, convenient way to access the Clip Modifier tools that normally pop up when you tap any Clip. This is intended for those users who come from computer/DAW backgrounds, where onscreen toolbars are commonplace. It’s completely movable, making it easy to access the tools instantly, wherever you’re working on the screen, by positioning the Tool Bar close at hand. Just drag its “handles” (vertical lines) on either end to move it.MIDI Settings
This is Looperverse’s MIDI setup window. Here you can globally enable or disable all MIDI functionality in Looperverse, turn Omni Mode on or off, select Looperverse’s MIDI Channel, set the MIDI Varispeed Range and choose the desired hardware MIDI In and Out ports (if your interface has them.)Built-in Help
At the extreme upper right corner is the Help icon (the question mark.) Tap this to see a condensed version of this manual as help text.Files and Sharing
The word “Scene” with its accompanying downward arrow at the upper left of the Looperverse window is where you’ll find the Files and Sharing menu. Here you can perform the various file-related tasks that you’ll need as you work with Looperverse.Here are the available Files and Sharing commands:
- Open Scene presents you with a list of all available Scenes currently present on your iPad (if any.) Tap the one you want to open it; The Files and Sharing window will stay open in the foreground until you dismiss it.
- New Scene will create a blank Scene you can use as a starting point for your musical ideas. There will be no fixed length or Tempo; these will be established by the length of your first recording.
- Save Scene will prompt you to give your Scene a name, and then save it. If a Scene with the same name already exists on your iPad, you will be asked whether you want to overwrite it or not.
- Archive Scene creates a .zip archive of all the files contained in a Looperverse Scene, including the small Scene file itself and all relevant audio files. This makes it easy to share your work with other Looperverse users, as .zip archives are smaller and more convenient to share via email/IM or whatever cloud-based service you wish.
- Import Audio File allows you to import your own audio files (in various commonly-used file formats) into Looperverse for use in Scenes. Currently, you can import .wav, .aiff and .mp3 files.
- Export Audio File and AudioCopy: Export a mixdown of the entire Scene in its current state, and AudioCopy it. as a single mono or stereo audio file (depending on whether there’s any stereo material in the Scene.) This is good for quickly creating a reference mix of an idea in rough form, so you can share it with others.
- Export As Stems is ideal for sharing a Looperverse Scene with one or more collaborators in multi-track form. It will export a .zip archive containing a mono or stereo file for each existing Looperverse Track. If the actual audio Clips in a particular Track or Tracks don’t start at 1.1.0 (the beginning of the Scene), Looperverse will automatically create empty space in the resulting audio file for that Track in the archive, between 1.1.0 and wherever the actual Clip(s) on the Track begin. This way, all the person receiving the .zip archive has to do is place all the included .wav files into their DAW of choice so that they all start at the exact same spot, and everything will line up as it was in the original Looperverse Scene.
- Bounce In Place will create a stereo mixdown (if appropriate) of all currently active/unmuted Tracks in the current Scene, replacing them with itself. This is intended for situations where, for example, you have used most or all of the 16 Tracks to construct the basis of a song or musical idea to your satisfaction, and you now wish to develop it further.
- This command will effectively free up all but one of Looperverse’s 16 Tracks, so that you can continue adding more material. Although this is completely Undoable/Redoable, it is advisable to save your work when you have things the way you want them (this is of course true of computers generally!), before executing the Bounce.
Basic Recording in Looperverse
Just hit Record to start recording.Recordings in Looperverse are called Clips. They represent the actual 16-bit, 44.1kHz .wav files that the app create on your iPad every time you record.
You'll see your audio Clip’s waveform drawn on the current Track as you record.
When you're done, hit Record again, or hit Play to exit Record mode and immediately start looping playback. The length of your first recording defines the current length of the Scene.
You can hit Stop at any time to stop recording or playback.
To record more stuff, just hit Record again. Your new recordings will automatically go to the next empty Track (unless you’re in Insert or Overdub Record, see below.)
If there are no empty Tracks, they'll go to Track 16.
Insert and Overdub Record
There are two other ways to Record in Looperverse, Insert and Overdub.Insert Record mode lets you choose to “punch in” over existing material on a specific Track. Any time you go into Record when in Insert Record mode, whatever is already recorded on the current Track will be replaced by whatever you’re currently recording. To initiate Insert Record, hold a finger on that Track’s "LED" until you see a red circle appear around it, indicating that you’re in Insert Record mode.
If you instead want to merge new material with previously-recorded material on a specific Track (Overdub), just touch the Track's LED to illuminate it, indicating that you’re now in Overdub Record mode (if you’re already in Insert mode, just hold your finger on the LED again briefly, until the red ring disappears but the LED remains lit.) Overdub mode gives you traditional “sound-on-sound” looping, which evolved from the use of analog and digital delay lines for this purpose, back in the olden days.
The next time you exit Record after Overdub recording, all the material on your newly-overdubbed Track will be merged into a single Clip. Keep in mind that you can switch between Insert and Overdub at any time by holding a finger on the LED. To turn either of these off and revert to the default Recording mode (which automatically creates new Tracks at the end of each loop iteration while Recording), just tap the LED until it goes “dark.”
One last thing about recording:
Sooner or later, everyone who records audio regularly will experience the situation where they played/sang/heard something fantastic, but didn’t have their recording device in Record at the time. We’ve been through this ourselves, so we built a solution into Looperverse:
The Loop Bar
The blue bar above the Tracks is called the Loop Bar. It determines the loop length of the Scene.Drag the black arrows at either end of the Loop Bar (or in the empty space outside either end, if any) to adjust the Scene loop start and end points. If the Ruler length is shorter than the entire Scene, you can drag it in the middle to move the looping area around inside the Scene without changing its length. Touch it for 2 seconds to set it to maximum length (the whole Scene will loop.)
Note that you can make the Loop Bar length very tiny by dragging the Start and End points right up against each other. This will result in some interesting pseudo-granular playback effects. If you do this, you can move the now-tiny Loop Bar around in the Scene by dragging in the black space to the left or right of it – you can literally “push it around” the Scene.
You can also drag the ruler and/or its boundaries in quantized steps, according to the current Grid value, if Grid is on (see Grid section below.)
Changing the length of a Scene
By default, the length of the first recording in a Scene defines the Scene length.Additionally, there are two controls that let you extend or shorten the overall Scene length: Multiply and Crop.
Multiply doubles the length of the Scene. Keep in mind that due to memory considerations, there is a limit to the number of times you can use Multiply, depending on how many Clips are in your Scene.
Crop trims the Scene to fit the length of the Ruler.
This is handy for trimming excess/unwanted audio before and after the Ruler boundaries. Just set the Ruler so that the Scene loops the way you want, then hit Crop. Any material outside the Ruler boundaries will be removed, and the Ruler boundaries will now contain the entire Scene.
Tip: You can also use the Multiply button to extend the length of the Scene without actually copying the existing Clips; just hold Multiply for 1 second. You will notice that you’ve doubled the length of the Scene, just like a normal Multiply operation, but instead of Clip copies, you now have blank space after the existing Clips that you can fill as you desire.
Note that this also works well for situations where you want to start with a blank Scene but have a predetermined Tempo and number of bars to record into. To do this, just hold down Clear for a second (see Super Clear, below), then hit Multiply as many times as you’d like blank bars in your Scene. You can then tap the Tempo display to set the Scene Tempo you’ll be recording at.
Undo/Redo
Everything you do in Looperverse can be Undone and Redone. There are several layers of Undo/Redo available, and these include all operations, even things like Tempo changes, Clear, etc. So if you make a mistake, don’t worry – Just use Undo and Redo as needed.Clearing a Scene
If you want to erase everything and start over, just hit Clear.Clear erases all Clips on all Tracks, but keeps the current Tempo setting. If you hit Clear a second time (or hold a finger on Clear for 1 second or more), you will erase the current Tempo and Looperverse will inherit its Tempo from the length of the next Recording. This is called Super Clear.
Keep in mind that you don’t actually have to pay any attention to Looperverse’s Tempo setting if you’re not doing music that has a regular tempo – You can just ignore it.
Tempo and Metronome
You can set Looperverse’s Tempo setting a few different ways:By tapping the 3-digit numerical field to the left of the “bpm” label at the top middle of the screen and entering your desired Tempo in the popup keyboard, or
By repeatedly tapping the Tap Tempo button (the big Metronome icon to the right of the Record button) at the desired tempo, three or four times.
If you have a totally empty Scene (e.g. you just hit Clear twice), you will notice that the numerical Tempo field has changed to “---“, meaning that there is no current tempo. This means that your next recording will determine Looperverse’s Tempo and Scene length.
A third way to enter a new tempo is to send Looperverse the appropriate MIDI Tap Tempo commands a few times in succession, at the desired tempo (see the MIDI section for details) at any time.
Upon any Tempo change, Looperverse will automatically time-stretch or time-compress all current Clips to fit the new Tempo, in real time, without changing their pitch (unless Master Tempo and Pitch are Linked – see below.)
Note that Tempo can also be smoothly and continuously adjusted either via the Master Pitch & Tempo window – explained in the next section - or via MIDI (see MIDI section of this manual for details.)
Master Pitch & Tempo popup window
Looperverse provides global control over the Pitch and Tempo of the entire Scene in a simple window, which also features the powerful ability to unlink pitch and time, if you wish.This is done via the Master Pitch & Tempo popup - Just tap the “BPM” label to bring up the window.
You will see two big sliders for Tempo and Pitch, with a link icon between them. This is where you can adjust the global Pitch and Tempo for the whole Scene. Just drag the sliders up and down to make changes.
Normally, dragging the sliders moves in coarse increments (whole BPM for Tempo and semitones for Pitch), but you can also make fine adjustments. Just put down a second finger after you start dragging either slider, and you will see the slider movements switch to fine increments: tenths of a BPM for Tempo and cents for Pitch.
You can even drag both sliders independently at the same time; If you want to make fine adjustments while doing this, put down a third finger while doing so, and presto! Simultaneous, independent fine Pitch and Tempo adjustment.
Linking/Unlinking Pitch and Tempo
By default, the Master Pitch and Tempo sliders in Looperverse will be unlinked (the Link icon will be green and have a slash through it.) If you tap the Link icon, they will become blue and the slash will vanish, indicating that Pitch and Tempo are now linked. Any changes you then make to either slider will also affect the other one, proportionally.This is useful for classic sampler or tape-style “varispeed” functionality; The whole Scene (all Clips) will both speed up/increase in pitch or slow down/decrease in pitch as you raise or lower either slider.
The Metronome
Also found in the Master Pitch & Tempo popup are the Metronome settings. There are three distinct types of Metronome sound styles available (Pop, MPC and Tic), a Metronome volume control and count-in settings (Off, 1, 2 or 4 bars.)Turning the Metronome on or off is easy – just hold down the Tap Tempo button for one second. You’ll see it turn green, indicating that it’s now on. Repeat this to turn it off again (Note that this cannot be done while the Master Pitch & Tempo popup is open.)
Reverse
In between the Multiply and Clear buttons below the Ruler, you will see the Reverse Scene button (labeled Reverse, for short.) As you might expect, this flips the whole Scene around “backwards”, so that all Clips are reversed in terms of their audio data and start time. This is exactly like if you were recording onto analog tape and reversed the tape reel on the machine, as was done in the distant past. Note that all Looperverse commands are available after a Reverse (Looperverse doesn’t know or care that everything’s now “backwards”), so go ahead and record more material if you like, time stretch, edit, whatever you would normally do. A lot of fun can be had by Reversing a Scene, recording new material and then Reversing the Scene back (which is again exactly like “turning the tape around” in the analog domain.)Note that this is distinct from the Reverse tool in the Toolbar (which you will also see as one of the available popup options if you tap a Clip); the Reverse tool only affects the selected Clip, where Reverse Scene affects all Clips and the timeline of the Scene.
Grid
The Grid button will reveal Looperverse’s Grid, which will appear as an actual visual grid onscreen at the currently-selected musical value. You can choose this value by tapping the adjacent word Grid, and selecting the desired choice in the popup menu. Tap anywhere else onscreen to dismiss it.Snap
The Snap area contains three buttons that select between No Snap, Grid Snap and Transient Snap modes. These control the way you move Clips around the screen, as well as the behavior of the Loop Bar and the Crop, Cut and Stretch Modifiers.If No Snap is selected and you move a Clip or Clips, they will be left precisely where you place them with no constraints. If you use any of the above Modifiers, they will move freely across Clips, similarly unconstrained.
If Snap is set to Grid, Clip movements will snap to the current Grid value, as will Modifier gestures.
If Snap is set to Transient, Clip movements will be the same as with No Snap mode, but the Modifier tools will snap to transients that Looperverse has detected within the current Clip. This is to help make it easy to Cut or Trim Clips precisely on transient events like drum hits or percussive guitar notes/chords, without a lot of frustrating, precise movements. It also helps when slicing up drum loops/performances to isolate, rearrange or modify individual hits.
Quantize Transport
This button will ensure that all your Stop, Play and Record presses will happen on the next Grid unit if Looperverse is currently in Play or Record. This makes it easy to drop in and out of Record (via Stop or Play) right on the beat. The only exception to this is if you’re already in Play and hit Play again – In this situation, further Play commands will be unquantized. This is so that you can do rhythmic Play effects “by hand” if you wish.Note that this command is not to be confused with conventional quantize functions – Quantize Transport has no effect on your recordings.
The Clip Modifiers
Looperverse lets you record as fast as you like, building up complex ideas very quickly. However, the real fun starts when you begin to play around with Looperverse’s Clip Modifier tools. These let you perform commonly-used editing operations like Cut (which is called Split in Looperverse), Delete, Copy and Reverse. However, you can also do real-time Pitch Shift, Gain Change and Time Stretch/Compress on a per-Clip basis, as well as copy the current Clip into AudioCopy.Tap once on any Clip to bring up the Modifier popup (if you’re using the Toolbar, note that these are the exact same tools; The only difference is how you’re accessing them.)
The Modifiers also include the six dots that you’ll see appear around the Clip’s edge. They allow you to Stretch (Time Stretch), Crop or adjust the Gain of a Clip by dragging the dots themselves left and right (for Crop and Stretch) or up and down (for Pitch and Gain.) When you start to drag a dot, its parameter name will be displayed, along with its current value as you drag. Note that when you adjust the Gain and Pitch dots, you can use one finger for coarse adjustments (Semitones and dB) or two fingers for fine adjustments (Cents or tenths of a dB.)
The Mixer
Looperverse features a 16-channel Mixer with per-Track Volume and Pan knobs, as well as Reverb and Delay effects send knobs for each of the 16 Tracks. There are also the familiar, self-explanatory Mute and Solo buttons for each Track.You can resize the Mixer horizontally to show as much or as little of it as you need at any given time by dragging any of the vertical, dark grey “handles” to the left of the M and S buttons.
Drag the handles left or right to smoothly show or hide the Mixer.
A few words on audio interfaces
Looperverse was designed to be the world’s fastest multi-track recorder, always ready to capture your ideas and allow you the creative freedom to develop them far beyond the initial “moment of inspiration” stage. You can record in Looperverse perfectly well with nothing but the iPad’s built-in mic and a set of earbuds, and it’ll work just fine. However, for the truly professional results, we highly recommend the use of an external audio interface, preferably with MIDI capability. There are a number of suitable units on the market currently, in a variety of price ranges (see recommendations below), and it’s really up to your taste and budget to determine the most appropriate interface for your needs. The main criteria that must be satisfied by a potential audio interface in order for it to be suitable for use with Looperverse (or any iPad audio app, in fact) is that it must be capable of USB Class Compliant operation. That is, driverless, generic behavior that conforms to the USB standard for audio interfaces. We have tested, and highly recommend, the following audio interfaces for use with Looperverse: RME Babyface, RME Babyface Pro, RME Fireface UCX and Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 (requires powered USB hub.)We have also successfully used the Alesis IO Dock and the iRig Pro interfaces. However, for professional results, we do feel that the RME devices listed above are currently the best choice among the units we’ve tested so far (no, we’re not affiliated with RME in any way, we just like their stuff!), because of the quality of their converters, low latency and sheer range of features such as sophisticated routing options, digital and analog I/O and MIDI. Note that if you have an older, non-Lightning-connector iPad (such as the iPad 2), these and all other non-“dock”-style interfaces require the use of the Apple Camera Connection Kit to connect to the iPad. These are, of course, available from Apple, and we highly recommend against getting any non-Apple “clones” of such devices – Trust us on this, go with the genuine article.
MIDI
Looperverse supports MIDI control of a variety of its onscreen functions, via either MIDI Program Change or Control Change messages.The Looperverse Pedal is a wireless stomp pedal designed to work withi Looperverse. To use other MIDI controllers in Looperverse, connect a class-compliant USB midi device using Wej or a USB adapter. Devices that support Apples Bluetooth Midi Standard are also supported.
MIDI Learn
Looperverse allows you to assign MIDI Continuous Control messages of your choice to specific, commonly-used onscreen controls.These include Stop, Play, Record, Tap Tempo, Crop, Multiply, Reverse, Clear, Undo and Redo.
The MIDI Learn button can be found in the Preferences menu (“Gear” icon.) Just activate it, and you’ll see blue boxes appear over the controls which can be learned. Tap the one you want to learn, then send Looperverse a single MIDI CC message of the type you want to assign to that control (make sure the MIDI port you’ve connected your MIDI controller to is active – see “MIDI” section above.) Tap another control to repeat the process with a different CC message, or tap anywhere else onscreen to exit MIDI Learn. Note that the data byte value of the CC message doesn’t matter; Looperverse only looks at the actual Continuous Controller number.
MIDI Command Defaults
Here is a list of the default MIDI CC message assignments to Looperverse’s various commands, including “under the hood” ones that address functions not found in the main Looperverse window (these are not user-assignable, but are included here for those wishing to make full use of Looperverse’s MIDI remote control capabilities.)- Stop: CC #87
- Play: CC #88 (this is the same as tapping the Play button)
- Stop/Play Toggle: CC #85
- Record: CC #86
- Tap Tempo: CC #68
- Clear: CC #108
- Undo: CC #89
- Redo: CC #109
- Quantize Transport: CC #117
- Reverse Scene: CC #84
- Crop Scene: CC #116
- Multiply: CC #102
- ATR Toggle: CC #119
- Click On/Off: CC #82
- Revert to Original Scene Tempo: CC #113
- Reset to Original Scene Pitch: CC #114
- Clear Varispeed (clears both Tempo and Pitch): CC #115
- ATR Mode On/Off: CC #119
Credits:
Program concept, design and documentation: Peter Freeman
UI: Peter Freeman, David Zicarelli
Original programmer: jhno
Time/Pitch implementation and design consulting: Mark Jeffery
Development, UI revisions (Retronyms Inc.): Dan Walton, John-Paul Walton, Zach Saul, Locky Casey
Additional MIDI programming: Peter Freeman
Additional Development Support: David Zicarelli
Beta testers: Peter Freeman, Knox Chandler, Dino J.A. Deane, Tony Widoff, Darwin Grosse.
QA (Retronyms Inc.): Eric Mueller
Shout-outs: David Z, Tom Z, Knox, Dino, Don Peebles, Charlie Clouser, David Torn, Tony Widoff and Jamie Muhoberac for valuable input.